By Joe Sun
A life explorer and dream chaser.
Qualitative research- Ernest Dichter quotes
Qualitative research has a long history in marketing. Ernest Dichter, one of the early pioneers in consumer psychoanalytic research, first applied these research principles in a study for Plymouth automobiles in the 1930s. Some of his assertions were fairly controversial. For instance, he equated convertibles with youth, freedom, and the secret wish for mistresses; argued that women used Ivory soap to wash away their sins before a date; and maintained that baking was an expression of femininity and pulling a cake or loaf out of an oven for women was “in a sense like giving birth.” His suggested tagline “Putting a Tiger in the Tank” for Exxon resulting in a long-running and successful ad campaign, however.
(Keller 2013:327) For personal record purpose only.
Brand Mantra vs. Tagline/slogan
What is Mantra?
A word or sound which is believed to possess a special spiritual power, especially in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Brand Mantra examples:
1. Nike: Authentic Athletic Performance
2. Disney: Fun Family Entertainment
3. Ritz-Carlton: Ladies & Gentlemen Serving Ladies & Gentlemen
4. BMW: Ultimate Driving Machine
http://newkind.com/2011/10/13/kevin-kellers-five-favorite-classic-brand-mantras/
Brand Mantra vs. Tagline/slogan
- The most important thing to understand about brand mantras is that they are not designed to be externally facing slogans or taglines.
- You’ve probably never seen the phrase Authentic Athletic Performance associated with Nike in advertising. Usually you will see an external manifestation of it, Just Do It being the prime example.
- A brand mantra should resonate internally first.
- Once you’ve settled on your brand mantra and tested it internally to ensure it resonates, you can finally start working on taglines.
- Whatever you do, make sure that your brand mantra is in your head at all times. You’ll be amazed at how much more consistent your company message will become when you start all of your communications projects by remembering that one simple, beautiful piece of poetry that is your brand mantra.
http://darkmattermatters.com/2010/03/17/brand-positioning-tip-9-a-brand-mantra-is-not-a-tagline/
Best Time to Post on Social Media
产品的差异化
激烈的市场竞争引发了大量的抄袭模仿行为,技术创新只能带来短暂的领先优势,其后就马上堕入同质化的海洋。怎样创造出与竞争对手不同的差异化特色,已成为摆在营销者面前的一大难题。差异化的实质就是给顾客一个购买理由,即为什么买你的而不买别人的。这就要求企业努力聚焦,把一件事做到极致,凭借别人无法企及的某种特色来赢得客户。
总结起来,要提炼产品的卖点,实施差异化定位可以从以下途径入手:
其一,在原料方面差异化
依云矿泉水是世界上最昂贵的矿泉水,传说每滴依云矿泉水都来自于阿尔卑斯山头的千年积雪,然后经过15年缓慢渗透,由天然过滤和冰川砂层的矿化而最终形成。大自然赋予的绝世脱俗的尊贵,加之成功治愈患病侯爵的传奇故事,依云水成为纯净、生命和典雅的象征,以10倍于普通瓶装水的奢侈价格来销售。
哈根达斯宣传自己的冰激凌原料取自世界各地的顶级产品,比如来自马达加斯加的香草代表着无尽的思念和爱慕,比利时纯正香浓的巧克力象征热恋中的甜蜜和力量,波兰的红色草莓代表着嫉妒与考验,来自巴西的咖啡则是幽默与宠爱的化身,而且这些都是100%的天然原料。“爱我,就请我吃哈根达斯”,自1996年进入中国,哈根达斯的这句经典广告语席卷各大城市。一时之间,哈根达斯成了城市小资们的时尚食品。而看看哈根达斯的定价,就该让工薪阶层咋舌了,最便宜的一小桶也要30多元,贵一点的冰淇淋蛋糕要400多元。
国内企业方面,养生堂买断了浙江千岛湖20年的独家开发权之后,发动了针对纯净水的舆论战。广告词“农夫山泉有点甜”带有明显的心理暗示意味,为什么甜?因为是天然矿泉水,因为含有多种微量元素,所以在味道上不同于其他水。又如蒙牛、伊利很多广告将来自大草原的优质奶源作为卖点。
其二,在设计方面差异化
苹果公司的产品一向以设计见长,随着imac台式电脑、ipod音乐播放器、iphone手机、ipad上网本,一个个让人耳目一新的产品冲击着用户的心理防线,将苹果品牌变身为时尚与品位的先锋。
Swatch手表创新性地定位于时装表,以充满青春活力的城市年轻人为目标市场。以“你的第二块手表”为广告诉求,强调它可以作为配饰搭配不同服装,可以不断换新而在潮流变迁中永不过时。Swatch的设计非常讲究创意,以新奇、有趣、时尚、前卫的一贯风格,赢得“潮流先锋”的美誉。而且不断推出新款,并为每一款手表赋予别出心裁的名字,5个月后就停产。这样个性化的色彩更浓,市场反应更加热烈,甚至有博物馆开始收藏,有拍卖行对某些短缺版进行拍卖。
其三,在制作工艺方面差异化
真功夫快餐挖掘传统烹饪的精髓,利用高科技手段研制出“电脑程控蒸汽柜”,自此决定将“蒸”的烹饪方法发扬光大。为了形成与美式快餐完全不同的品牌定位,真功夫打出了“坚决不做油炸食品”的大旗,一举击中洋快餐的“烤、炸”工艺对健康不利的软肋。
在环境危机日益加重、人们健康意识不断提升的情况下,乐百氏纯净水“27层净化”的传播口号,能给焦虑的人们带来稍许安全感。
其四,在渠道方面差异化
戴尔电脑的网络直销消除了中间商,减少了传统分销花费的成本和时间,库存周转与市场反应速度大幅提高,而且能够最清晰地了解客户需求,并以富有竞争性的价位,定制并提供具有丰富选择性的电脑相关产品。想订购的顾客直接在网上查询信息,5分钟之后收到订单确认,不超过36小时,电脑从生产线装上载货卡车,通过快递网络送往顾客指定的地点。由于互联网技术的日益普及,利用网络渠道营销的企业越来越多,比如携程旅行、凡客诚品服饰和淘宝等。
安利和雅芳的人员直销,与走大卖场、专柜路线的化妆品和保健品形成了差异化。当然这种差异化是否对顾客创造了额外的价值,则仁者见仁,智者见智。
其五,在功能方面差异化
顾客选购商品是希望具有所期望的某种功效,如洗发水中飘柔的承诺是“柔顺”,海飞丝是“去头屑”,潘婷是“健康亮泽”,舒肤佳强调“有效去除细菌”,沃尔沃汽车定位于“安全”等就是基于这一策略,只要在顾客需求的某方面占据顾客心智中的第一位置,就有机会在竞争中胜出。
王老吉原本是区域性的中药凉茶,在香港加多宝的运作之下,淡化其成分,凸显其功能,从而创造出一个新品类–预防上火的饮料!“上火”是人们可以真实感知的一种亚健康状态,“降火”的市场需求日益庞大。而凉茶的“预防上火”和“降火”功效,是与其他饮料相比的核心优势,因此重新定位之后的王老吉畅销全国。
养生堂的“朵尔”是专门针对女性细分市场,紧扣女性对美丽的渴望,在概念营造上棋高一招,提出“由内而外地美丽”.言外之意就是别人都在做表面功夫,而“朵尔”可以内外兼修,立即就会打动顾客的心。还有比如红牛的补充能量定位,脑白金的礼品定位等,都是直接从用途上与竞争对手差异化。
其六,在服务方面差异化
迪斯尼公司认为首先应该让员工心情舒畅,然后他们才能为顾客提供优质服务,首先让员工们快乐,才能将快乐感染给所接待的顾客。别忘了人们来到迪斯尼就是为了寻找欢乐,如果服务不满意,扫兴而归,那还会有什么人再来呢?因此公司注重培训和员工福利,重视构建团队及伙伴关系,以此提高服务水准。
海底捞火锅连锁店为劳动密集型企业尊重和激励员工做出了表率,管理层认为:客人的需求五花八门,仅仅用流程和制度培训出来的服务员最多只能及格。因此提升服务水准的关键不是培训,而是创造让员工愿意留下的工作环境。和谐友爱的企业文化让员工有了归属感,从而变被动工作为主动工作,变“要我干”为“我要干”,让每个顾客从进门到离开都能够真切体会到其“五星”级的细节服务。这些付出也为海底捞带来丰厚的回报,旗下30多家连锁店,一直稳稳占据着所在城市“服务最佳”的榜首位置。
其七,形象方面差异化
形象因素与设计和制作工艺有一定联系,但也可以独立出现。万宝路让同质化的香烟与众不同,秘诀就在于为品牌注入了豪迈阳刚的牛仔形象。赋予品牌某种精神和形象,可以满足顾客的某些精神需求,这种精神沟通以实体商品为基点,又脱离于商品实体之外,为顾客创造了附加的心理价值,可以建立与顾客之间更加牢固、更加密切的情感联系。
哈雷·戴维森摩托在两次世界大战中成为美国军用摩托,所以成为退伍老兵的最爱,那张扬的外形、轰鸣的声音代表了一种激情、冒险、挑战传统的精神,最终这种品牌主张向社会扩散,许多青年人也借哈雷来表达自己自由、梦想、激情、爱国等种种情感。而哈雷摩托车的售价大多超过两万美元,贵过普通的轿车,虽然如此成千上万的哈雷迷们依旧是无怨无悔。
其八,营销手段差异化
新媒体层出不穷,单纯投放电视、报纸杂志等传统媒体,一招打遍天下的时代已经过去,社会化媒体、社交媒体已经成了新品牌营销的主要战场。小米手机在初期仅仅在框架媒体上投放硬广,用极具性价比的手机配置吸引到目标用户关注后,便积极的运用论坛和微博等社交媒体发起一轮轮的讨论热潮,不到两年,就成了国产手机中的佼佼者。
从楼宇电视、框架这类社会化媒体引发话题,引爆社交媒体讨论;或在社交媒体上发起话题,而在社会化媒体上将用户需求落地的营销案例还有很多,褚时健的褚橙在去年火了一把,其背后的本来生活网是最大赢家;而抢票神器猎豹浏览器挑战铁道部的一系列楼宇广告也让其赚足了眼球,今年猎豹已在筹备上市。
综上所述,产品的差异化可以从8个方面入手,如果上述做法都行不通,要打动顾客购买,就只有降价一条路了。当然降价时,你如果拥有超越竞争对手的成本控制能力,也还是会取得利润。如果成本上也没有优势,那只能遗憾地宣布你已经堕入了红海,运气好时可以获得些许利润,一有风吹草动就会陷入亏损境地。
要想差异化定位成功,仅仅选择了差异化因素是不够的,还必须检讨差异化的因素能不能为顾客,特别是目标顾客创造价值,从而成为吸引其购买的卖点。另外需要检查在顾客心目中你的产品已经具备预设的差异化卖点,大部分顾客不是专业人士,他们决策时理性夹杂着感性,如果他们认为你在差异化因素方面并不突出时,这样就必须开动脑筋,利用大胆出位的传播方案将自己的优势打出来。
(如有知识产权争议,请联系本人,来源:创业邦)
Should a company kill a deceasing brand? -Vibhava Chemicals
KFC-fried rats PR crisis in the 70s. But the brand survived and is doing great right now.
Black Belt vs. Ozone
Should Vibhava kill Black Belt?
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Some notes:
GE revived, Apple revived, dramatically, and some other brands survived as well.
So what’s the math to do when a company is considering about whether to kill/eliminate a brand ?
“You gotta be very careful when you are trying to kill a cash cow, even if it’s dying”.
(Red) Case 随记
(RED)的商业模式能成立的前提必须是(RED)本身达到一定的关注度,从而能够达到提高related-products sales的目的。用文中的原话说就是”encourage consumers to keep choosing (RED) over non-(RED)”. 假如说(RED) 自身的影响力减少从而导致相关的合作伙伴的合作产品关注度和销量下降,这个商业模式就会受到生存威胁。另外,这个program真是给大企业提供了一个堂而皇之地制造一个profitable的corporate responsibility的机会。不禁让我想,有多少企业真的是care在非洲的那些受到AIDS生命威胁的人民?又有多少买RED产品的人是真的care 这个cause? 还是只是觉得红色的产品很酷?
NOTES:
- 3 month raises 25M; 1 year raises 50M. –> shows a characteristic of a FAD(一阵热) product/service.
- 4P; promotion is done by their partners; difficult to measure.
- successful brand alliance VS. negative brand image spillover; selecting right partners MATTERS-> e.g. Tiger Woods was chosen by Accenture to be the endorsement.
- Partners:
- AMEX: prestige and conservative
- GAP: causal and young
- CONVERSE: rebellious and fashionable
- AMARNI: exclusive and high quality
- APPLE: innovative and trendy
- MOTOROLA
- OPRAH WINFREY
- The point is these partners all have different brand images; RED has to be careful about choosing partners so to mitigate and avoid negative brand dilution.
- Segments of people doing charity:
- Norm
- Helping some one (warm glow)
- avoid guilt
- giving back
- self-interest (由于consumer在做善事的同时得到一个产品,大多数RED product的consumer是这个segment)
Getting Emotional About Brands
- Emotional connections are not only the province of certain “emotional” categories or brands. Consumers are emotional about checking accounts and discount merchandise, not just about soft drinks and expensive fountain pens. Bank of America and Wal-Mart create emotional connections just as surely as JetBlue and iPod do. They do it in different ways — depending far more on their people than on their products — but the result is the same.
- Gallup surveys have shown that 11% of U.S. car owners are passionate about the car they own, but 13% are passionate about the place where they bank, and 12% are passionate about the mass merchant retailers where they shop. People aren’t either “emotional” or “unemotional.” Consumers are typically highly emotional about some brands and products while completely indifferent and “unattached” to others. Business customers are as emotional about their B2B purchases as car buyers, clothing shoppers, and resort visitors are about their selections.
- Consumers’ emotional connections have a specific — and fairly simple — structure, regardless of the nature of the particular emotions involved. As revealed by Gallup’s customer engagement metric, the structure begins at the foundation of the customer relationship with Confidence, then proceeds through Integrity to Pride to — at the pinnacle of the relationship — Passion about the service, product, or brand. (See sidebar: “Levels of Customer Engagement.”)
- Emotional connections are not merely warm and fuzzy, nor are they simply interesting to contemplate and debate. They have powerful financial consequences, ranging from share-of-wallet to frequency and amount of repeat business. “Fully engaged” retail customers spend more and return more frequently than those who are disengaged. Retailers that have taken action to enhance their customer engagement by capitalizing on the engagement-building skills of their own customer-facing employees have seen double-digit increases in both sales and profit per square foot. Gallup has seen these results not just in the United States, but around the globe — and we’ve seen them for banks, auto dealers, hardware stores, and business services marketers. Emotional connections are universally important, and managing those emotional bonds pays off handsomely.
- Some companies are very good at creating emotional connections with their customers. Most, however, are not. Companies that are successful at creating emotional connections benefit from stronger results, not only in cash flow and profit, but in market share.
- Emotional connections aren’t static. They ebb and flow, and the results can affect a company’s long-term business success. Emotional connections can be measured. They can be enhanced. And they can be managed. It’s not easy, but it’s demonstrably possible.
Excerpt from “Getting Emotional About Brands”
http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/12910/getting-emotional-about-brands.aspx
16 PowerPoint Templates That Look Great in 2015
Sprezzatura- Warby Parker
- We’re often asked why Warby has been successful. If we sum it up in one word, it’s Deliberate.” …There’s an element to this in any good party: What looks effortless is actually labored; what looks tossed off is deeply considered. Italians call this concept Sprezzatura.
– Excerpts from the FASTCO article “For building the first great made-on-the-internet- brand”
- “与传统垄断行业竞争,一个最大的挑战就是如何成功塑造自己的品牌。传统品牌在衡量自身竞争力时一般会考虑三个要素,cost leadership(价格优势)、product differentiation(产品区别)和niche market(垂直市场)。可以说Warby Parker在这三方面都做得非常出色,再加上它的理念与最近很火的精益创业(The Lean Startup)非常吻合,都是先推出市场试用原型,之后再慢慢根据市场客户的回馈进行及时的更新迭代.”
- Warby Parker尝试了所有传统公司的营销方法,只不过它凭借互联网更加有创意地达到了效果。初创公司涉足慈善领域的并不多,更何况是眼镜行业,Warby Parker第一个做到了。
- 顾客可以网上选择5副眼镜,免费送上门,并且可以在5天之类任意试戴直到顾客做出选择,最后网上订单,再次免费送上门。看似简单的模式其实与平时我们接触的电商大不一样,这种对顾客来说零风险的承诺,无疑大大增加了彼此的好感和信任度,而且在试戴期间,顾客向自己社交圈资讯意见无形中就又给Warby Parker做了推广,这种“word of mouth(口碑营销)”的策略实属精彩。
- 近几年出现并存活甚至大放光彩的一些电商,它们的模式都逐渐在发生变化,但却呈现出一定的规律。以限时闪购艺术品为主的Fab、只出售剃须刀的线上品牌的Harry’s、专注在线上男鞋的Beckett Simonon、衬衫领域的Warby Parker VASTRM等等,与eBay亚马逊等巨头不同的是,这些企业都将自身的顾客定位在某一特定商品的范畴,并加入自身品牌的元素设计,试图绕开与门户电商巨头的正面竞争,而的确它们很好做到了。
- 中国市场早已到了时机成熟之时,却等待着被挑战,而我们做为消费者,也早已做好以更低的价格购买高质量独一无二设计诱人的商品的准备。
– Excerpts from http://36kr.com/p/205725.html


